Fight Over Texas Abortion Ban Reaches Supreme Court

WASHINGTON — Abortion providers in Texas asked the Supreme Court on Saturday to let their clinics continue to perform some procedures after a federal appeals court temporarily upheld orders from state officials prohibiting most abortions.

In their Supreme Court filing, lawyers from Planned Parenthood and the Center for Reproductive Rights said the health crisis did not justify severe restrictions on the constitutional right to abortion. At least medication abortions, which use pills to induce abortions, should be allowed to continue, they said.

Three weeks ago, Gov. Greg Abbott, a Republican, ordered a halt to “all surgeries and procedures that are not immediately medically necessary.” That included abortions “not medically necessary to preserve the life or health of the mother,” Ken Paxton, the state’s attorney general, said in a news release. Other abortions, he said, must be postponed to preserve protective gear and other resources to fight the coronavirus pandemic.

Abortion providers promptly challenged the orders as unconstitutional, and the case has twice reached the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, in New Orleans, which both times overturned temporary restraining orders issued by Judge Lee Yeakel, of the Federal District Court in Austin.

In his first ruling, Judge Yeakel, who was appointed by President George W. Bush, said the state officials’ actions were at odds with Supreme Court precedents.

“Regarding a woman’s right to a prefetal-viability abortion, the Supreme Court has spoken clearly,” Judge Yeakel wrote. “There can be no outright ban on such a procedure. This court will not speculate on whether the Supreme Court included a silent ‘except-in-a-national-emergency clause’ in its previous writings on the issue. Only the Supreme Court may restrict the breadth of its rulings.”

The latest ruling from a three-judge panel of the appeals court, on Friday, allowed almost all of the governor’s order to stay in place while the case moved forward. Quoting earlier decisions, the majority said “a state may implement emergency measures that curtail constitutional rights so long as the measures have at least some ‘real or substantial relation’ to the public health crisis and are not ‘beyond all question, a plain, palpable invasion of rights secured by the fundamental law.’”

Judge Yeakel had allowed exceptions to the governor’s order, which is scheduled to expire April 21 but may be renewed, for abortions performed using drugs and for women whose pregnancies were in their later stages.

The majority stayed Judge Yeakel’s latest temporary restraining order, making an exception only for “any patient who, based on the treating physician’s medical judgment, would be past the legal limit for an abortion in Texas,” which is 22 weeks from the last menstrual period, on April 22.

The judges in the majority were Judge Stuart Kyle Duncan, appointed by President Trump, and Judge Jennifer Walker Elrod, appointed by Mr. Bush. Judge James L. Dennis, appointed by President Bill Clinton, dissented, saying he would have upheld all of Judge Yeakel’s order.

In Saturday’s filing, the abortion providers argued that restricting medication abortions didn’t make sense.

“In denying patients access to medication abortion,” they wrote, Texas “singles out medication abortion as the only oral medication that cannot be provided under the executive order — even though its provision requires no” protective equipment “and delaying it forces patients to undergo more invasive abortion procedures later in their pregnancies or to attempt to travel out of state to access early abortion.”

Several other states, including Alabama, Ohio and Oklahoma, have also sought to limit abortions as part of their response to the pandemic, and those efforts have been challenged in court. The Texas case is the first to reach the Supreme Court.

Nancy Northup, the president of the Center for Reproductive Rights, said the Supreme Court must act to protect a constitutional right.

“Texas is blatantly abusing its emergency power to obliterate Roe v. Wade,” she said in a statement, referring to the 1973 Supreme Court decision establishing a constitutional right to abortion. “These thinly veiled attempts to end abortion must stop.”

The justices are already considering a separate abortion case from Louisiana that was argued last month. That case is a challenge to a state law that could leave the state with a single clinic.